![]() ![]() Eremiobacterota” is globally distributed in terrestrial and marine environments, animal sources and industrial wastes however, it is abundant in Antarctic bare soils, Arctic permafrost soils, boreal mosses, and volcanic soils. Recent metagenomic studies revealed that “ Ca. Eremiobacterota” (WPS-2) was first described in 16 S rRNA gene clone libraries from polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated soil ( Wittenberg- Polluted Soil) in Wittenberg, Germany, and the phylum name was proposed based on the metagenome-assembled genome (MAG) recovered from Antarctic soil. The ecological importance of this lineage has rendered it a targeted uncultured phylum given prioritization for cultivation attempts among the recent explosion of candidate phyla for characterization. Eremiobacterota” among seven currently recognized phototrophic phyla ( Cyanobacteria, Chlorobiota, Actinomycetota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexota, and Gemmatimonadota ) remains uncultured. Eremiobacterota” (formerly known as WPS-2 or WD272) is an ecologically versatile phylum that apparently thrives under various oligotrophic environments, and includes lineages with the potential for photosynthesis, and a novel form of chemolithoautotrophy called “atmospheric chemosynthesis”. For example, oligotrophic lithospheric environments likely played a key role in where and how early life on earth evolved and isolation of key organisms would enable their interrogation under realistic conditions in the laboratory.Īn uncultured phylum “ Ca. While these are quite far-reaching scientific goals, isolating difficult to cultivate organisms, especially those found widespread in oligotrophic environments, is important to advance our understanding of geobiology. However, it has been notoriously difficult to isolate the microbes from natural communities that are necessary to explore diverse microbial processes, how these processes actually function, how they may depend on environmental conditions and how they may have evolved in geological history. Geobiology, the discipline that concerns itself with interactions between the Earth’s biosphere and lithosphere and its evolution through geologic time, has made great advances in our knowledge of oligotrophic lithospheric systems, with molecular studies showing the genetic diversity and metabolic potential of microbial consortia as well as unraveling important microbial biogeochemical and metabolic functions in laboratory systems. advances our understanding of ecology and evolution of photosynthesis. The first cultured strain of the eighth phototrophic bacterial phylum which we name Vulcanimicrobium alpinus gen. The genome encodes novel anoxygenic Type II photochemical reaction centers and bacteriochlorophyll synthesis proteins, forming a deeply branched monophyletic clade distinct from known phototrophs. The cells are rods or filaments with a vesicular type intracytoplasmic membrane system. Polyphasic analysis revealed that this organism is an aerobic anoxygenic photoheterotrophic bacterium with a unique lifestyle, including bacteriochlorophyll a production, CO 2 fixation, a high CO 2 requirement, and phototactic motility using type IV-pili, all of which are highly adapted to polar and fumarolic environments. Eremiobacterota” strain from a fumarolic ice cave on Mt. We report the first successful isolation of a “ Ca. Although it includes lineages with the genetic potential for photosynthesis, one of the most important metabolic pathways on Earth, the absence of pure cultures has limited further insights into its ecological and physiological traits. The previously uncultured phylum “ Candidatus Eremiobacterota” is globally distributed and often abundant in oligotrophic environments. ![]()
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